The United States Fencing Association wasn't founded until 1885. However, the sport of fencing was very prevalent before hand, but was centralized in New York City. Outside of New York, it would not be easy to find too many schools of fencing. However, the Spanish influence in Mexico, California, Arizona, Texas, and so on would have included schools of Fencing. When the Spanish lost control of most those areas, the schools would have closed down. There may, however still be some schools in Mexico (I think Santa Ana would keep some of those schools to train his troops). Hope this helps.
Adam R. Bloedorn
President UNCG Fencing Club