> wasn't it? i don't think the samurai were around any longer. anywho, aikido is the redirecting of the attackers force to be ?> used against him by way of a throw, hold, or both. sort of a passive aggressive scheme. karate on the other hand, such as Actually, that's Jiujitsu, which mainly utilizes throws. I know Aikido uses a lot of locks. Nick "Monkey Trashes House Of Kimmet" Zachariasen